{"id":4774,"date":"2025-07-16T12:19:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T10:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/?p=4774"},"modified":"2025-10-10T13:37:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T11:37:24","slug":"hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan \u00e9p\u00edtette K\u0151b\u00e1nya a budapesti v\u00e1rost \u2014 \u00e9s majdnem romba d\u00f6nt\u00f6tte azt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Labirinturile subterane ale minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya nu reprezint\u0103 doar un sistem gigantic de tuneluri cu o lungime de 33 de kilometri \u0219i o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de 180.000 de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi, ci \u0219i o <strong>cronic\u0103 stratificat\u0103 a Budapestei<\/strong>. Fondat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIII-lea, la ordinul regelui B\u00e9la al IV-lea, cariera de piatr\u0103 a furnizat ora\u0219ului calcar pre\u021bios, din care au fost construite simboluri ale capitalei maghiare precum <strong>Podul cu Lan\u021buri, cl\u0103direa Academiei Maghiare de \u0218tiin\u021be \u0219i Biserica Matia<\/strong>. \u00cen secolul al XIX-lea, galeriile subterane au fost transformate \u00een pivni\u021be de bere \u0219i vin, iar \u00een timpul celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, \u00een ad\u0103posturi \u0219i \u00eentr-o fabric\u0103 secret\u0103 de avioane. Un secol mai t\u00e2rziu, mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya este un fenomen istoric \u0219i cultural care continu\u0103 s\u0103 surprind\u0103 arheologi, urbani\u0219ti, scafandri \u0219i turi\u0219ti. Mai multe pe <a href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/\">budapestfuture<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a676b875db70\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a676b875db70\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Cum_a_aparut_mina_Kobanya\" title=\"Cum a ap\u0103rut mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya?\">Cum a ap\u0103rut mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Prin_ce_era_valoroasa_piatra_din_Kobanya\" title=\"Prin ce era valoroas\u0103 piatra din K\u0151b\u00e1nya?\">Prin ce era valoroas\u0103 piatra din K\u0151b\u00e1nya?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Prabusirea_minei_la_5_august_1861\" title=\"Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea minei la 5 august 1861\">Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea minei la 5 august 1861<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Cum_erau_folosite_tunelurile_din_Kobanya_pentru_depozitarea_berii_si_vinului\" title=\"Cum erau folosite tunelurile din K\u0151b\u00e1nya pentru depozitarea berii \u0219i vinului?\">Cum erau folosite tunelurile din K\u0151b\u00e1nya pentru depozitarea berii \u0219i vinului?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Mina_Kobanya_in_anii_celui_de-al_Doilea_Razboi_Mondial\" title=\"Mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00een anii celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial\">Mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00een anii celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-4774-hogyan-epitette-kobanya-a-budapesti-varost-es-majdnem-romba-dontotte-azt\/#Istoria_minei_Kobanya_incepand_cu_anul_1950\" title=\"Istoria minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1950\">Istoria minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1950<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_a_aparut_mina_Kobanya\"><\/span>Cum a ap\u0103rut mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxfuhfbll1vvxbjiiztofntcheonxex_t0he-jyjwltofwzb5hv9fj0wkcspsn-kwp18o82ha8agc3eswqeff2koy-gv4_xi-etrguig00-q2faslnvbjr-2ksxlig13ps2mznh0key1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Istoria minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00ee\u0219i are r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u00een Evul Mediu timpuriu \u2014 chiar \u00een inima form\u0103rii regatului maghiar. Prima men\u021biune documentar\u0103 despre extragerea calcarului pe teritoriul actualei K\u0151b\u00e1nya dateaz\u0103 din <strong>1244<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd regele B\u00e9la al IV-lea a acordat cet\u0103\u021benilor dreptul de a extrage piatr\u0103. \u00cen acela\u0219i an, zona a fost anexat\u0103 ora\u0219ului Pesta. Acest lucru s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat la scurt timp dup\u0103 invazia t\u0103tar\u0103. Regele a trebuit atunci nu doar s\u0103 reconstruiasc\u0103 \u021bara, ci \u0219i s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri defensive. B\u00e9la al IV-lea era convins c\u0103 t\u0103tarii preg\u0103teau un nou atac, a\u0219a c\u0103 a \u00eenceput construc\u021bia unui zid care s\u0103 protejeze Pesta. Anume aici, sub dealurile din partea de est a capitalei, a \u00eenceput lunga istorie a unuia dintre cele mai unice spa\u021bii subterane din Ungaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u0103c\u0103mintele locale de calcar, formate \u00een perioada miocen\u0103, se remarcau nu doar prin rezisten\u021b\u0103, ci \u0219i prin u\u0219urin\u021ba prelucr\u0103rii. Acest lucru a f\u0103cut ca piatra s\u0103 fie extrem de popular\u0103 \u2014 \u00een special \u00een Buda, aflat\u0103 \u00een plin\u0103 dezvoltare, \u0219i, mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/eternal-3229-top-20-budapesti-epiteszeti-latnivalo-amelyet-a-turistaknak-erdemes-meglatogatni\">Budapesta<\/a> unificat\u0103. \u00cenc\u0103 din secolele XIII-XIV, aici au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se formeze primele cariere. \u00cen procesul de extrac\u021bie, acestea au devenit tot mai ad\u00e2nci, transform\u00e2ndu-se \u00een adev\u0103rate labirinturi subterane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cererea de material de construc\u021bie a crescut rapid. Din piatra local\u0103 s-au construit poduri, m\u0103n\u0103stiri, case ale nobilimii \u0219i cele mai importante obiective de infrastructur\u0103 urban\u0103. \u00cen secolul al XIX-lea, din aceste cariere se extr\u0103gea calcar pentru construc\u021bia unor edificii emblematice precum <strong>Podul cu Lan\u021buri, Academia Maghiar\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021be \u0219i Biserica Matia<\/strong>. Mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya a pus, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, funda\u021bia de piatr\u0103 a Budapestei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu timpul, galeriile subterane au c\u0103p\u0103tat forma unui sistem ramificat de tuneluri \u0219i galerii cu o lungime total\u0103 de peste 30 de kilometri. Acesta nu mai era doar o carier\u0103, ci un ora\u0219 subteran de anvergur\u0103, ascuns sub str\u0103zile zgomotoase ale cartierelor \u00d3buda \u0219i K\u0151b\u00e1nya. Anume \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, mina a devenit o zon\u0103 strategic\u0103 important\u0103 pentru extrac\u021bie \u0219i depozitare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prin_ce_era_valoroasa_piatra_din_Kobanya\"><\/span>Prin ce era valoroas\u0103 piatra din K\u0151b\u00e1nya?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxf32m2_dbt-lrifdfdgvjrklgdnvz5hcr_ngahrdb7sy-mk_98iyc0zu4cga4-w9whqgvdgpbdpdofcsfwmtydlh0hvcnipjd6qouqwynm0ktybqrvixkax3qxcxzbiravmhjyflakey1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La prima vedere, este doar calcar. Gri-deschis, dens, greu. Dar piatra s-a dovedit a fi departe de a fi obi\u0219nuit\u0103. Anume ea a devenit <strong>simbolul construc\u021biilor din Budapesta<\/strong>, materialul din care a crescut ora\u0219ul. Secretul popularit\u0103\u021bii sale const\u0103 \u00eentr-o combina\u021bie unic\u0103 de propriet\u0103\u021bi fizice, u\u0219urin\u021ba extrac\u021biei \u0219i proximitatea fa\u021b\u0103 de \u0219antierele de construc\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, calcarul local se distingea prin calitatea sa excelent\u0103: era suficient de moale pentru a fi prelucrat manual cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, suficient de rezistent pentru a suporta greutatea construc\u021biilor masive. Datorit\u0103 acestui fapt, era folosit nu doar pentru funda\u021bii, ci \u0219i pentru fa\u021bade, coloane \u0219i elemente decorative. Cu timpul, piatra c\u0103p\u0103ta o nuan\u021b\u0103 cald\u0103 pl\u0103cut\u0103 \u0219i o patin\u0103 nobil\u0103, ceea ce \u00eei sporea valoarea estetic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest calcar s-a format \u00een perioada miocen\u0103, acum aproximativ 10 milioane de ani. Are o omogenitate ridicat\u0103 \u0219i o porozitate sc\u0103zut\u0103. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 piatra absoarbe pu\u021bin\u0103 ap\u0103 \u0219i este rezistent\u0103 la intemperii, ceea ce este deosebit de important \u00een climatul Europei Centrale, cu fluctua\u021bii frecvente de temperatur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mai mult, K\u0151b\u00e1nya se afla literalmente \u201ela o arunc\u0103tur\u0103 de b\u0103\u021b\u201d de ora\u0219. Nu era necesar\u0103 organizarea unor transporturi pe distan\u021be lungi, cheltuind resurse \u0219i timp. Piatra putea fi livrat\u0103 rapid direct pe \u0219antiere, ceea ce o f\u0103cea deosebit de popular\u0103 \u00een perioada de dezvoltare rapid\u0103 a Budapestei din secolul al XIX-lea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anume calcarul local a fost folosit la ridicarea unor simboluri arhitecturale \u0219i culturale ale Ungariei precum <strong>Podul cu Lan\u021buri<\/strong> \u2014 primul pod permanent peste Dun\u0103re, <strong>cl\u0103direa Academiei Maghiare de \u0218tiin\u021be, cl\u0103direa Parlamentului \u0219i Bazilica Sf\u00e2ntul \u0218tefan<\/strong>. F\u0103r\u0103 exagerare, a devenit \u021besutul de construc\u021bie al capitalei maghiare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prabusirea_minei_la_5_august_1861\"><\/span>Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea minei la 5 august 1861<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxdqajxxepr_v5_tc6dayyjgqvywse3ce7zdi-uywmj5dif_cjdkvsndxuplolwvgwbxfp3ozbb1ckak851hgaamlwjax3uvwmxusjrxwmmhi2s8l5azjzmxpskudzgalftakd1owakey1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La 5 august 1861, lini\u0219tea dimine\u021bii din K\u0151b\u00e1nya a fost sf\u00e2\u0219iat\u0103 de un vuiet \u2014 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul s-a surpat brusc, \u00eenghi\u021bind tot ce se afla la suprafa\u021b\u0103. \u00cen zona str\u0103zii actuale K\u0151b\u00e1nyai \u00fat a avut loc o pr\u0103bu\u0219ire pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a boltei minei, care a devenit unul dintre cele mai tragice evenimente din istoria acestei cariere. Un crater gigantic cu un diametru de 57 de metri, format la locul incidentului, s-a scufundat cu 7 metri sub p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Pentru investigarea incidentului, a fost creat\u0103 o comisie special\u0103. Unul dintre membrii s\u0103i, \u00c1nyos Istv\u00e1n Jedlik, a descris \u00een culori vii ceea ce a v\u0103zut la fa\u021ba locului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Martorul a relatat c\u0103 for\u021ba teribil\u0103 a presiunii aerului, care a provocat distrugeri masive, a d\u0103r\u00e2mat peretele frontal \u0219i cel transversal al pivni\u021bei \u0219i a smuls u\u0219a de fier a casei proprietarului terenului, construit\u0103 la cel\u0103lalt cap\u0103t al sistemului de pivni\u021be. Suflul exploziei a aruncat ferestrele \u0219i obloanele camerei \u00een curte \u0219i a ridicat tavanul tencuit al \u00eentregii locuin\u021be, inclusiv acoperi\u0219ul. O fa\u021b\u0103 de mas\u0103 ro\u0219ie de pe o mas\u0103 din buc\u0103t\u0103rie, luat\u0103 de presiunea aerului pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 u\u0219a buc\u0103t\u0103riei, s-a \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een jurul unui salc\u00e2m care cre\u0219tea pe panta malului \u00eenalt al cur\u021bii \u2014 la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de aproape patru co\u021bi (aproximativ 2 metri).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cauza catastrofei a fost <strong>expansiunea nes\u0103buit\u0103 a galeriilor subterane<\/strong> f\u0103r\u0103 o consolidare adecvat\u0103 a bol\u021bilor. La acea vreme, extrac\u021bia \u00een K\u0151b\u00e1nya dura deja de secole, iar sub suprafa\u021ba ora\u0219ului se \u00eentindea o \u00eentreag\u0103 re\u021bea de tuneluri. Unele dintre ele se aflau la doar c\u00e2\u021biva metri sub drumuri, cur\u021bi \u0219i cl\u0103diri reziden\u021biale. C\u00e2nd bol\u021bile de calcar sl\u0103bite nu au mai rezistat, pr\u0103bu\u0219irea a devenit inevitabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conform \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor istorice, \u00een acea zi au murit mai multe persoane, inclusiv muncitori \u0219i trec\u0103tori, iar zeci au fost r\u0103nite. Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea a afectat o parte a drumului, a distrus cl\u0103diri \u0219i a provocat panic\u0103 printre locuitorii locali. Autorit\u0103\u021bile au \u00eenceput de urgen\u021b\u0103 consolidarea sec\u021biunilor r\u0103mase intacte \u0219i, la scurt timp, au introdus noi reguli de siguran\u021b\u0103, limit\u00e2nd exploatarea \u00een cele mai vulnerabile zone ale minei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_erau_folosite_tunelurile_din_Kobanya_pentru_depozitarea_berii_si_vinului\"><\/span>Cum erau folosite tunelurile din K\u0151b\u00e1nya pentru depozitarea berii \u0219i vinului?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxcqff1w56txpn1zkfx0upr8kjbwjunjdpw5onujhr3vntldan4tgzxdwbsi2plxwhina-s2phaij7eck6wv84e66rfzu2clwrgehkoblrom6fmuf4fzpu-dubmuxfxlsq0s49k2key1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu mult \u00eenainte ca K\u0151b\u00e1nya s\u0103 fie asociat\u0103 cu o zon\u0103 industrial\u0103 \u0219i cu exotismul subteran, era renumit\u0103 ca <strong>centrul produc\u021biei de bere \u0219i vin din Ungaria<\/strong>. Produc\u0103torii de vin \u00ee\u0219i depozitau butoaiele \u00een min\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din secolul al XVIII-lea. Concomitent cu activitatea minier\u0103, galeriile subterane erau folosite \u0219i de produc\u0103torii de bere. Cavit\u0103\u021bile formate dup\u0103 extragerea calcarului \u0219i argilei erau locul ideal pentru depozitarea vinului \u0219i a berii. \u00cen anii 1850, aici au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 una dup\u0103 alta fabrici \u0219i manufacturi, \u0219i tot mai multe familii produceau bere \u0219i vin. Mai mult, datorit\u0103 temperaturii stabile \u0219i r\u0103coroase din pivni\u021be, produsele nu doar c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103strau prospe\u021bimea mai mult timp, ci c\u0103p\u0103tau \u0219i un gust mai rafinat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XIX-lea, c\u00e2nd exploatarea pietrei \u00een K\u0151b\u00e1nya a \u00eenceput s\u0103 scad\u0103, antreprenorii au \u00een\u021beles rapid c\u0103 galeriile goale, cu o temperatur\u0103 r\u0103coroas\u0103 \u0219i stabil\u0103 pe tot parcursul anului (aproximativ 10\u201312 \u00b0C), erau locul perfect pentru depozitarea b\u0103uturilor alcoolice. Spa\u021bioase, uscate, \u00eentunecate \u0219i protejate \u00een mod fiabil de soare, aceste galerii subterane erau mai bune dec\u00e2t orice sistem de pivni\u021be de la suprafa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceste spa\u021bii au fost utilizate \u00een mod special de produc\u0103torii de bere. \u00cen K\u0151b\u00e1nya se aflau cele mai mari fabrici de bere din Budapesta, inclusiv <strong>faimoasa companie Dreher<\/strong>, care \u0219i ast\u0103zi r\u0103m\u00e2ne lider pe pia\u021ba maghiar\u0103. Nici produc\u0103torii de vin nu au r\u0103mas \u00een urm\u0103: butoaie masive de stejar cu diferite soiuri de vinuri maghiare st\u0103teau aliniate \u00een tuneluri, acoperite cu o mucegai nobil \u2014 un rezultat natural al depozit\u0103rii seculare a vinului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Depozitele subterane nu erau doar practice, ci \u0219i economice. \u00centr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care sistemele de r\u0103cire artificial\u0103 abia \u00eencepeau s\u0103 apar\u0103, K\u0151b\u00e1nya oferea deja un <strong>\u201efrigider natural\u201d<\/strong>. Unele tuneluri erau folosite \u0219i ca \u0219i coridoare de marf\u0103 \u2014 b\u0103uturile erau cobor\u00e2te de la suprafa\u021b\u0103 prin pu\u021buri \u0219i apoi distribuite pe rute subterane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Este interesant c\u0103, \u00een popor, aceste galerii au ajuns s\u0103 fie numite \u201eborospince\u201d \u2013 pivni\u021be de vin, iar p\u00e2n\u0103 la mijlocul secolului al XX-lea, ele au servit ca o parte important\u0103 a logisticii industriei alimentare \u0219i a b\u0103uturilor alcoolice. Mai mult, \u00een unele dintre ele erau amenajate s\u0103li de degustare, precum \u0219i mici taverne subterane, unde muncitorii \u0219i comercian\u021bii gustau bere proasp\u0103t fabricat\u0103 sau vin maturat direct \u201edin butoi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mina_Kobanya_in_anii_celui_de-al_Doilea_Razboi_Mondial\"><\/span>Mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00een anii celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxckcbuomrz6mauodz2dlofq9jkz5lvx4isehkot8pxznjemkhjb29j1ghufnszfzbahjicbejvpctadnygk74os6rspvmwdoadbyxno86sqthbqccwt-z5s2yfl5hkvwfkhvgu0owkey1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen timpul <a href=\"https:\/\/budapestyes.eu\/uk\/eternal\/talant-zlochynczya-antagonisty-drugoyi-svitovoyi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/a>, mina K\u0151b\u00e1nya a c\u0103p\u0103tat din nou o importan\u021b\u0103 strategic\u0103. Tunelurile sale ad\u00e2nci \u0219i ramificate au devenit <strong>un ad\u0103post sigur \u00eempotriva raidurilor aeriene<\/strong> \u0219i un loc de depozitare a proviziilor. Zeci de mii de localnici s-au ascuns aici \u00een timpul bombardamentelor. Una dintre galerii a fost atunci transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-o capel\u0103, unde se rugau minerii \u0219i al\u021bi credincio\u0219i. \u00cen acei ani, mina a salvat multe vie\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen plus, aceste galerii subterane au fost folosite pentru produc\u021bia militar\u0103. Din iulie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een noiembrie 1944, \u00een min\u0103 au fost amenajate ateliere pentru asamblarea avioanelor de v\u00e2n\u0103toare <strong>Messerschmitt Me 210<\/strong>. Acest lucru era important pentru armata german\u0103, deoarece fabrica subteran\u0103 era protejat\u0103 de loviturile avia\u021biei aliate. La ordinul conducerii naziste, au fost fabricate 244 de motoare pentru avioanele Messerschmitt Me 210. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 aceasta, pe suprafe\u021be mari ale galeriilor se desf\u0103\u0219urau lucr\u0103ri de asamblare. De asemenea, \u00een min\u0103 se depozitau muni\u021bii \u0219i combustibil, ceea ce o f\u0103cea un obiectiv important al infrastructurii militare a ora\u0219ului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu alte cuvinte, \u00een anii de r\u0103zboi, K\u0151b\u00e1nya a fost at\u00e2t un ad\u0103post pentru popula\u021bia civil\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i un centru industrial capabil s\u0103 func\u021bioneze chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de bombardamente constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Istoria_minei_Kobanya_incepand_cu_anul_1950\"><\/span>Istoria minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1950<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.budapestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2025\/07\/ad_4nxertzygl3oxyyzil4sut6zmapsfqz5ps9hw8m1co0cxtpw_zxjyahhumum4sjnvkww8scubb2xp28mxrb7plbzadxjtn6uopl2drcfemzr2yeedwei4iprbhdfdyaokowxcpw1etwkey1tfyxfjhmrqepayzwhktpg.jpg\" width=\"602\" height=\"408\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>De la mijlocul secolului al XX-lea, K\u0151b\u00e1nya a suferit transform\u0103ri semnificative, legate de schimbarea modului de utilizare \u0219i de starea spa\u021biilor subterane. \u00cen anii 1950\u20131960, din cauza perturb\u0103rii echilibrului hidrogeologic, <strong>o parte a minei a fost inundat\u0103<\/strong>. Tunelurile subterane s-au umplut cu ap\u0103, form\u00e2nd lacuri \u0219i pe\u0219teri misterioase. Acest lucru a f\u0103cut ca teritoriul s\u0103 devin\u0103 unic din punct de vedere natural \u0219i a atras aten\u021bia cercet\u0103torilor \u0219i pasiona\u021bilor de scufund\u0103ri subacvatice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen deceniile postbelice, extrac\u021bia de piatr\u0103 \u00een zon\u0103 a sc\u0103zut treptat, iar minele au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie folosite \u00een alte scopuri. Aproximativ 33.000 de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi apar\u021bin \u00een prezent fabricii de bere Dreher, \u00een timp ce aproximativ 148.000 de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi r\u0103m\u00e2n neutiliza\u021bi din 1990. Proprietarul minei este Sectorul X, care monitorizeaz\u0103 starea carierei \u0219i efectueaz\u0103 lucr\u0103ri de consolidare a structurilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen timpul <strong>Zilelor Sf\u00e2ntului Ladislau<\/strong> (ultimul weekend din iunie) \u0219i al <strong>Zilelor Patrimoniului Cultural<\/strong>, municipalitatea organizeaz\u0103 excursii gratuite \u00een min\u0103 pentru doritori. \u00cen plus, se poate cobor\u00ee \u00een carier\u0103 cu echipa BudapestScenes. Aici se filmeaz\u0103 frecvent filme \u0219i se organizeaz\u0103, de asemenea, curse subterane de alergare \u0219i ciclism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/index.hu\/techtud\/2021\/06\/27\/kobanyai-pincerendszer-dreher-sorgyar-havas-villa-latogatas-kepek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/index.hu\/techtud\/2021\/06\/27\/kobanyai-pincerendszer-dreher-sorgyar-havas-villa-latogatas-kepek\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/welovebudapest.com\/cikk\/2025\/07\/09\/kobanyai-pincerendszer-latogatas-bejaras\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/welovebudapest.com\/cikk\/2025\/07\/09\/kobanyai-pincerendszer-latogatas-bejaras\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lelepo.hu\/kobanyai-pincerendszer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/lelepo.hu\/kobanyai-pincerendszer\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ng.24.hu\/kultura\/2024\/07\/30\/kobanya-budapest-x-kerulet-labirintus-alagut\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ng.24.hu\/kultura\/2024\/07\/30\/kobanya-budapest-x-kerulet-labirintus-alagut\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/welovebudapest.com\/cikk\/2017\/08\/22\/kobanyai-pincetura-ahonnan-a-parlament-kovei-es-bombazorepulok-is-kikerultek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/welovebudapest.com\/cikk\/2017\/08\/22\/kobanyai-pincetura-ahonnan-a-parlament-kovei-es-bombazorepulok-is-kikerultek\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Labirinturile subterane ale minei K\u0151b\u00e1nya nu reprezint\u0103 doar un sistem gigantic de tuneluri cu o lungime de 33 de kilometri \u0219i o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de 180.000 de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi, ci \u0219i o cronic\u0103 stratificat\u0103 a Budapestei. Fondat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIII-lea, la ordinul regelui B\u00e9la al IV-lea, cariera de piatr\u0103 a furnizat ora\u0219ului calcar pre\u021bios, din [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":510,"featured_media":4042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1136],"tags":[3011,2205,3009,3006,3003,3015,3008,3007,3004,1905,3014,3005,1897,3012,3013],"moimportance":[30,33],"motype":[1142],"moformat":[22],"class_list":{"0":"post-4774","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-innovaciok","8":"tag-alagutak","9":"tag-budapest-epiteszete","10":"tag-budapest-meszko","11":"tag-budapesti-borospincek","12":"tag-budapestscenes-3","13":"tag-kobanya-banya","14":"tag-kobanyai-kobanya","15":"tag-kobanyaszat","16":"tag-kozepkor","17":"tag-lanchid","18":"tag-magyar-tudomanyos-akademia","19":"tag-masodik-vilaghaboru","20":"tag-matyas-templom","21":"tag-sorfozes","22":"tag-tunelok","23":"moimportance-golovna-novyna","24":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatory","25":"motype-eternal","26":"moformat-longrid-korotka"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/510"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4775,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4774\/revisions\/4775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4774"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=4774"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=4774"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/budapestfuture.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=4774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}